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Pool Plumbing Systems
To understand a pool, you must follow the path of the water. Water is circulated through a plumbing network by a pool pump. The plumbing route from pool to pump is underground (below the freeze line for commercial pools) making the visualization of the water flow difficult for most observers. The pump draws the pool water through skimmers at the water line and bottom drains. The water returns to the pool through fittings located either on the pool floor or walls.
Health departments require specific water recirculation standards for commercial pools. The plumbing is carefully engineered to ensure proper hydraulics including the flow rates, turnover rates, velocity, and friction loss calculations. The circulation pattern is required to pass dye testing. This confirms that the pool fittings are located in a pattern that is balanced throughout the entire pool.
Common Pool Plumbing Problems
Water loss and poor water quality are the two biggest issues. Not only does the make up water present an additional expense, but it also creates a potential for damage to the pool, deck, and equipment. Water quality can suffer if the plumbing system was poorly designed, especially in residential pools that do not have the same requirements as commercial pools.
Solutions
If there is any significant observed water loss, contact a qualified contractor to evaluate the pool. Water loss is normal and will occur due to evaporation, wind, splash out, backwashing, and will be carried away with swimmers. Any amount greater than 1/4 - 3/4 inch per day should be investigated. Inspections of skimmer throats, tiles, grout lines and other accessories can rule out small leaks. The pool plumbing can be pressure tested to determine if there is a break in one of the lines. A thorough visual inspection can be completed if the pool is emptied or dye testing can be performed if the pool is full.
Beware of structural leaks at pipe penetrations. During construction or renovation, the seal between piping and pool needs attention to detail. Creating a hole through the shell during renovation is best done by core drilling and installing a dual compression seal. During new construction or other repairs, the piping (light niches too) should be packed tight with hydraulic cement.
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